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Figure 10: Co-occurrence network with faction information of Les Misérables. The image generated
by the basic LineSets method (left), and the optimized LineSets graph using our method (right).
layout. tures and intergroup interactions is essential.
Compared to node-link diagrams that dis- By improving both the readability and struc-
tinguish sets solely by color of nodes, Line- tural clarity of network diagrams, our method
Sets enhance the recognition of set member- provides valuable insights for literary analysis,
ship and relationships through geometric con- social science research, and complex network
nections within the same set. This allows users studies.
to more easily perceive fundamental character-
istics such as the size and density of different
sets. Compared to the basic LineSets method, 5 Discussion
the optimized version achieves smoother individ-
ual curves and a more structured global layout, The findings from both random and real-world
and further enhances aesthetics and the recog- datasets confirm that our LineSets optimization
nition of set relationships. approach improves visualization clarity while
The visualization reveals several important preserving computational efficiency. The re-
narrative patterns. Characters in the revolu- sults from the commercial analysis illustrate
tionary movement, such as Enjolras and the the method’s effectiveness in identifying spatial
members of Les Amis de l’ABC, form a tightly clustering and distribution patterns, while the
connected subgraph, reflecting their frequent social network visualization showcases its capa-
interactions. Jean Valjean’s connections span bility in enhancing the readability of complex
multiple factions, linking revolutionary mem- relational structures.
bers, working-class characters, and aristocrats, A notable advantage of the optimized Line-
emphasizing his central role in the story. In Sets is its ability to reduce visual clutter while
contrast, Javert serves as a bridge between law preserving essential structural information. By
enforcement and criminal elements, reinforcing minimizing excessive intersections and main-
his role as an antagonist who traverses different taining well-distributed crossing angles, the
social spheres. method enhances interpretability across differ-
This application demonstrates the advantages ent application domains.
of our approach for social network analysis, par- However, the current approach has some lim-
ticularly when understanding community struc- itations. The optimization process requires
