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48 UEC Int’l Mini-Conference No.53

Vortex Formation in Gas-Liquid Bose-Bose Mixtures

Hieu B. LE*, Hiroki SAITO
The University of Electro-Communications Tokyo, 182-8585, Japan

I. Introduction B. Numerical Simulation
Two-component quantum droplets are ultracold bosons Density of rotating gas-liquid mixtures can be
with attractive attractions that are counteracted by obtained by solving coupled Beyond Mean-Field
quantum fluctuations to prevent collapse. Two- Gross-Pitaevskii equations:
component quantum droplets are usually studied using
a balanced combination. However, an uneven mixture
may lower energy and make the droplet less stable,
potentially immersing it in a gaseous environment leads
to a gas-liquid mixtures. This study examines how
rotating affects imbalanced mixtures and examines the
dependance of rotation frequency on the vortices
formation in both gas and liquid in mixtures.

II. Methodology
A. Background
Rather than collapsing, such a mixture transitions into a
dilute, liquid-like droplet state sustained by quantum
fluctuations which has the flat-top density profile, III. Results
therefore demonstrating a direct manifestation of
beyond mean-field effects [1].

Figure 1. Quantum droplet wave function versus radial
coordinate showing the droplet has flat-top density
profile [1].

Figure 3. Vortices formation by gas-liquid mixtures
with increasing rotation frequency.

REFERENCES
[1] D. S. Petrov, Quantum mechanical stabilization of a
collapsing Bose-Bose mixture, Phys. Rev. Lett. 115,
155302 (2015).

[2] T. A. Flynn *, L. Parisi, T. P. Billam, and N. G.
Parker, Quantum droplets in imbalanced atomic
Figure 2. Imbalanced quantum droplets density profile. mixtures, Phys. Rev. Research. 5, 033167 (2023)
By adding more atoms, the droplet absorbs until it reach
reach the saturated limit then the exceed atom become [3] T. A. Flynn *, N. A. Keepfer , N. G. Parker , and T.
gases surrounding the liquid droplet which leads to the P. Billam, Harmonically trapped imbalanced quantum
gas-liquid mixtures [2, 3]. droplets, Phys. Rev. Research. 6, 013209 (2024)